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Liver Cancer

Liver cancer known also as the silent killer, chronic liver disease is big, complex and accelerating. Driven by viral infection, diet and lifestyle, 1.5 billion people worldwide are in jeopardy. Of these, 80% of new cases and 72% of total deaths occur in Asia alone.

Our educational hub on liver cancer diagnostic insights including disease understanding, diagnostic testing, therapeutic treatments to monitoring – a new era of partnership and innovation provides the opportunity to improve the lives of millions of people around the world.

White Paper

2 October 2023

Patient-centric and ecosystem insights into hepatocellular carcinoma across Asia-Pacific – LEAP

In this white paper, insights on the liver ecosystem are uncovered, with the intention of facilitating action among various stakeholders to reduce liver cancer incidence and…

READ MORE
23 August 2023

Building modern hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programmes: taking steps to address a leading cause of liver cancer death in Asia

In this whitepaper, HCC surveillance programs in Asia were analysed. The learnings from well established HCC surveillance programs, as well as the challenges in areas that…

READ MORE
14 March 2023

International Liver Cancer Association (ILCA) White Paper on Biomarker Development for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This white paper, which was developed by a group of experts in biomarker development, provides a framework on best practices to design, execute, and interpret biomarker…

READ MORE
9 December 2022

APACMed White Paper – Strengthening Healthcare Systems Through the Critical Role of Diagnostics

Diagnostic technologies are used across the entire patient journey of multiple disease states, and provide the tools to prevent, detect, and monitor the required interventions. Despite…

READ MORE

Oncology Biomarker Testing: A Resource Hub for HCPs

Serum PIVKA-II and alpha-fetoprotein at virological remission predicts hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B related cirrhosis

This study aimed to investigate the role of serum PIVKA-II and alpha-fetoprotein in predicting HCC and mortality in cirrhotic CHB patients at virological remission following NA…

READ MORE

Do combined assays of serum AFP, AFP-L3, DCP, GP73, and DKK-1 efficiently improve the clinical values of biomarkers in decision-making for hepatocellular carcinoma? A meta-analysis

This meta-analysis aims to provide insight on the efficacy of using combined biomarkers, AFP, AFP-L3, DCP, DKK-1, and GP73, for clinical decision-making for patients with HCC.…

READ MORE

The prognostic values of serum markers in hepatocellular carcinoma after invasive therapies based on real-world data

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic values of serum markers in HCC, with retrospective data. Li B, Liu A, Wen Y, Yang…

READ MORE

The Diagnostic Value of Serum PIVKA-II Alone or in Combination with AFP in Chinese Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

This study aims to investigate the diagnostic role of PIVKA-II alone or in combination with AFP in Chinese HCC patients. Xu F, Zhang L, He W,…

READ MORE

Efficacy analysis of combined detection of 5 serological tumor markers including MIF and PIVKA-II for early diagnosis of primary hepatic cancer

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of combined detection of 5 serological tumor markers including macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and abnormal…

READ MORE

Clinical Utility of Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence-II in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of PIVKA-II in addition to AFP in patients with HCC. Bhatti ABHH, Naz K, Abbas G, Khan NY,…

READ MORE

Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and alpha-fetoprotein alone or in combination for hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This article aims to clarify the diagnostic value of DCP (PIVKA-II) and AFP in patients with different risk of HCC development (etiology, ethnicity, and various stages…

READ MORE

A meta-analysis and of clinical values of 11 blood biomarkers, such as AFP, DCP, and GP73 for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

This study reanalyzes the related studies of 11 blood biomarkers of HCC, and compares the diagnostic value of these biomarkers for HCC systematically. Pang BY, Leng…

READ MORE

Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This review highlights promising candidate biomarkers and biomarker panels that have completed phase II evaluation for the early detection of HCC. Parikh ND, Mehta AS, Singal…

READ MORE

Surveillance Imaging and Alpha Fetoprotein for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Meta-analysis

Society guidelines differ in their recommendations for surveillance to detect early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis. This study compared the performance of surveillance imaging,…

READ MORE

Diagnostic value of PIVKA-II and alpha-fetoprotein in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

This study aims to determine the cutoff values and to compare the diagnostic role of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) in…

READ MORE

Diagnostic value of prothrombin induced by the absence of vitamin K or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) for early stage HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of prothrombin induced by the absence of vitamin K or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) for early stage hepatitis virus B…

READ MORE

Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II versus alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review with meta-analysis

PIVKA-II has been extensively studied as a biomarker in HCC. However, its diagnostic capability varies across HCC studies. This study aimed to compare the performance of…

READ MORE

Diagnostic value of serum PIVKA-II levels for BCLC early hepatocellular carcinoma and correlation with HBV DNA

This study aims to determine the clinical value of serum Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) in early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to explore its…

READ MORE

Performance evaluation of the Elecsys PIVKA-II and Elecsys AFP assays for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis

Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) is a serum biomarker linked to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), showing superiority to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for early disease detection. This…

READ MORE

Multimarker Panels for Detection of Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective, Multicenter, Case-Control Study

This study systematically evaluates biomarkers mentioned in international guidelines and peer-reviewed literature for HCC surveillance and diagnosis, in order to identify combinations of biomarkers that display…

READ MORE

Elecsys PIVKA-II and Elecsys AFP assays demonstrate good clinical performance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis across different disease stages and aetiologies

This study evaluates the clinical performance of the new Elecsys PIVKA-II immunoassay and the previously launched Elecsys AFP assay (Roche Diagnostics) to aid in the diagnosis…

READ MORE

Clinical evaluation of Elecsys PIVKA-II for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) was reported as a diagnosis and prognosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This prospective study aims to comparatively verify…

READ MORE

Analytical performance and method comparison of the Elecsys PIVKA-II immunoassay as an aid in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

This study evaluates the analytical performance of the Elecsys PIVKA-II immunoassay to aid in HCC diagnosis, establish method-specific reference ranges in healthy individuals, and perform a…

READ MORE

Expert Opinions: Thought Leadership for Healthcare Professionals

Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance and the emerging role of biomarker-based models

A/Prof Simone Strasser recently published an independent commentary in the Australian Medical Research and Journal "Research Review", covering at length topics such as non-alcoholic liver disease…

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HCV elimination in Northern Pakistan: Prof Aamir Khan on treating patients in KPK province and the Afghan borderlands

Pakistan has one of the world’s highest rates of HCV infection. It's no surprise that their healthcare systems face mounting pressure from HCV-related conditions. Learn from…

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Key Publications

27 June 2024

Cost-Utility of Novel Biomarker-Based Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Surveillance in Thailand

20 March 2024

Development and Clinical Validation of a Novel Algorithmic Score (GAAD) for the Detection of Early-stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This study aims to establish and train the algorithm coefficients, and clinically validate the performance of the GAAD algorithm in differentiating HCC and benign chronic liver…

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5 March 2024

Early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma screening in patients with chronic hepatitis B in China: a cost–effectiveness analysis

2 October 2023

Patient-centric and ecosystem insights into hepatocellular carcinoma across Asia-Pacific – LEAP

In this white paper, insights on the liver ecosystem are uncovered, with the intention of facilitating action among various stakeholders to reduce liver cancer incidence and…

READ MORE
23 August 2023

Building modern hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programmes: taking steps to address a leading cause of liver cancer death in Asia

In this whitepaper, HCC surveillance programs in Asia were analysed. The learnings from well established HCC surveillance programs, as well as the challenges in areas that…

READ MORE

Serum PIVKA-II and alpha-fetoprotein at virological remission predicts hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B related cirrhosis

This study aimed to investigate the role of serum PIVKA-II and alpha-fetoprotein in predicting HCC and mortality in cirrhotic CHB patients at virological remission following NA…

READ MORE

Do combined assays of serum AFP, AFP-L3, DCP, GP73, and DKK-1 efficiently improve the clinical values of biomarkers in decision-making for hepatocellular carcinoma? A meta-analysis

This meta-analysis aims to provide insight on the efficacy of using combined biomarkers, AFP, AFP-L3, DCP, DKK-1, and GP73, for clinical decision-making for patients with HCC.…

READ MORE

The prognostic values of serum markers in hepatocellular carcinoma after invasive therapies based on real-world data

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic values of serum markers in HCC, with retrospective data. Li B, Liu A, Wen Y, Yang…

READ MORE

The Diagnostic Value of Serum PIVKA-II Alone or in Combination with AFP in Chinese Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

This study aims to investigate the diagnostic role of PIVKA-II alone or in combination with AFP in Chinese HCC patients. Xu F, Zhang L, He W,…

READ MORE
19 June 2023

HCC surveillance improves early detection, curative treatment receipt, and survival in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of patients with cirrhosis aimed to evaluate the benefit and harms of HCC surveillance in patients with cirrhosis.…

READ MORE

Efficacy analysis of combined detection of 5 serological tumor markers including MIF and PIVKA-II for early diagnosis of primary hepatic cancer

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of combined detection of 5 serological tumor markers including macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and abnormal…

READ MORE
31 May 2023

APASL 2023 Taiwan Congress Report

Catch up on the highlights of APASL 2023 with this congress report, covering session on hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatocellular carcinoma, and fatty liver disease.

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Clinical Utility of Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence-II in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of PIVKA-II in addition to AFP in patients with HCC. Bhatti ABHH, Naz K, Abbas G, Khan NY,…

READ MORE
17 March 2023

Utility of Combining PIVKA-II and AFP in the Surveillance and Monitoring of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific Region

A panel of 17 experts from Asia-Pacific, gathered to discuss and reach a consensus on the clinical usefulness and value of PIVKA-II for the surveillance and…

READ MORE

Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and alpha-fetoprotein alone or in combination for hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This article aims to clarify the diagnostic value of DCP (PIVKA-II) and AFP in patients with different risk of HCC development (etiology, ethnicity, and various stages…

READ MORE

A meta-analysis and of clinical values of 11 blood biomarkers, such as AFP, DCP, and GP73 for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

This study reanalyzes the related studies of 11 blood biomarkers of HCC, and compares the diagnostic value of these biomarkers for HCC systematically. Pang BY, Leng…

READ MORE
14 March 2023

Surveillance of Hepatocellular Cancer Among Hepatitis B and Cirrhosis Patients Using Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence-II (PIVKA-II): A Cost-Utility Analysis for Hong Kong as an Example of Endemic Regions

This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of serological tests or ultrasound alone versus their joint use with or without multivariate index algorithm for HCC screening in chronic…

READ MORE

Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This review highlights promising candidate biomarkers and biomarker panels that have completed phase II evaluation for the early detection of HCC. Parikh ND, Mehta AS, Singal…

READ MORE
14 March 2023

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of GAAD algorithm on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B in China

This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of serological tests or ultrasound alone versus their joint use with or without multivariate index algorithm for HCC screening in chronic…

READ MORE
14 March 2023

Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update

These latest guidelines recommend evidence-based management of HCC and are considered suitable for universal use in the Asia-Pacific region, which has a diversity of medical environments.…

READ MORE
14 March 2023

International Liver Cancer Association (ILCA) White Paper on Biomarker Development for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This white paper, which was developed by a group of experts in biomarker development, provides a framework on best practices to design, execute, and interpret biomarker…

READ MORE
14 March 2023

Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2019 Edition)

Since the publication of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer (2017 Edition), additional high-quality evidence has emerged with relevance to the diagnosis, staging,…

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14 March 2023

Clinical practice guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma: The Japan Society of Hepatology 2017 (4th JSH-HCC guidelines) 2019 update

The 4th version of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma was revised by the Japan Society of Hepatology, and published in October 2017 in Japanese. New…

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Surveillance Imaging and Alpha Fetoprotein for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Meta-analysis

Society guidelines differ in their recommendations for surveillance to detect early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis. This study compared the performance of surveillance imaging,…

READ MORE
14 March 2023

Diagnostic challenges in primary hepatocellular carcinoma: case reports and review of the literature

HCC diagnosis can be particularly challenging in some cases and the obtained results seem ambiguous, resulting in a long-term and delayed diagnostic process.This paper presents three…

READ MORE

Diagnostic value of PIVKA-II and alpha-fetoprotein in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

This study aims to determine the cutoff values and to compare the diagnostic role of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) in…

READ MORE

Diagnostic value of prothrombin induced by the absence of vitamin K or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) for early stage HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of prothrombin induced by the absence of vitamin K or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) for early stage hepatitis virus B…

READ MORE
13 March 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: current practice and future directions

This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the indications and rationale for HCC surveillance, currently available surveillance methods and their utilization, effectiveness, and limitations, as…

READ MORE

Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II versus alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review with meta-analysis

PIVKA-II has been extensively studied as a biomarker in HCC. However, its diagnostic capability varies across HCC studies. This study aimed to compare the performance of…

READ MORE

Diagnostic value of serum PIVKA-II levels for BCLC early hepatocellular carcinoma and correlation with HBV DNA

This study aims to determine the clinical value of serum Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) in early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to explore its…

READ MORE
9 December 2022

The clinical utility of Elecsys GAAD score in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

The performance of Elecsys® GAAD score, which includes the parameters of gender, age, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by Vitamin K absence or antagonists-II (PIVKA-II) in…

READ MORE

Performance evaluation of the Elecsys PIVKA-II and Elecsys AFP assays for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis

Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) is a serum biomarker linked to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), showing superiority to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for early disease detection. This…

READ MORE
9 December 2022

Performance Evaluation of the Elecsys GAAD Assay for the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Across Different Disease Stages and Etiologies

The Elecsys® GAAD algorithm combines quantitative measurements of Elecsys PIVKA-II assay and Elecsys AFP assay, plus age and gender to generate a semi-quantitative result. This study…

READ MORE

Multimarker Panels for Detection of Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective, Multicenter, Case-Control Study

This study systematically evaluates biomarkers mentioned in international guidelines and peer-reviewed literature for HCC surveillance and diagnosis, in order to identify combinations of biomarkers that display…

READ MORE

Elecsys PIVKA-II and Elecsys AFP assays demonstrate good clinical performance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis across different disease stages and aetiologies

This study evaluates the clinical performance of the new Elecsys PIVKA-II immunoassay and the previously launched Elecsys AFP assay (Roche Diagnostics) to aid in the diagnosis…

READ MORE

Clinical evaluation of Elecsys PIVKA-II for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) was reported as a diagnosis and prognosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This prospective study aims to comparatively verify…

READ MORE
9 December 2022

APACMed White Paper – Strengthening Healthcare Systems Through the Critical Role of Diagnostics

Diagnostic technologies are used across the entire patient journey of multiple disease states, and provide the tools to prevent, detect, and monitor the required interventions. Despite…

READ MORE

Analytical performance and method comparison of the Elecsys PIVKA-II immunoassay as an aid in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

This study evaluates the analytical performance of the Elecsys PIVKA-II immunoassay to aid in HCC diagnosis, establish method-specific reference ranges in healthy individuals, and perform a…

READ MORE
9 December 2022

A comparative analysis of Elecsys GALAD and Elecsys GAAD score to detect early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in an international cohort

This study compared the clinical performance of the Elecsys GALAD (gender [sex], age, alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP [AFP-L3] and protein-induced by vitamin…

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Webinars and Symposiums

APASL 2024 Kyoto Seminar

Watch the APASL 2024 seminar recording to hear experts share key updates on curative approaches to HCC management, treatment apporaches for BCLC-B uHCC, and real world…

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ESMO Asia 2023 Symposium – HCC illuminated: Exploring future frontiers with systemic immunotherapies

Missed the satellite symposium session from ESMO Asia 2023? Access the webcast recording here.

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Guiding the way: The role and value of algorithms in liver disease care journey

PIVKA-II in action: Clinical case studies on HCC surveillance and management

Panel discussion: Charting directions: Integrating new algorithms and approaches in practice

Navigating the Health Economic Data in APAC: Present challenges and future directions

HCC Surveillance in China: A Journey Towards Improving Patient Care and Outcomes

Real World Data Unveiled: Results and insights of GAAD in surveillance population

The Practice in Japan: Insights into gold standard HCC surveillance and management

APASL 2023 Taiwan Symposium

Watch the APASL 2023 symposium recording to hear experts share key updates on HCC surveillance, diagnosis, uHCC management and adj HCC systemic treatment.

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Value of PIVKA-II in surveillance and treatment monitoring for patients with advanced HCC

This presentation has 2 parts. In the first part of this presentation, Prof. Nobuharu Tamaki discusses the diagnostic utility of PIVKA-II in HCC, and the potential…

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HCC Patient Journey and biomarkers’ roles in the HCC management

Detection of HCC at early stages remains a challenge, with less than 20% of patients being diagnosed at an early stage, when they can benefit from…

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The clinical utility of HCC algorithms as aids in the diagnosis of HCC

In this presentation, Prof. Ming Lung Yu discusses the results of his study, which aims to address the diagnostic accuracy of HCC using Elecsys GAAD algorithmic…

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Review of PIVKA-II expert consensus from APASL presentation

In this presentation, Prof. Do Young Kim reviews the results of the APAC expert consensus study on the utilization of PIVKA-II in the surveillance and monitoring…

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APASL 2022 Seoul

The liver cancer landscape has been undergoing a period of rapid transformation. From early detection of HCC using new biomarkers, to new immunotherapy treatment options. Watch…

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APPLE 2021 – Biomarker In HCC Surveillance And Treatment: The New Evidence On The Horizon

Join the webinar to hear speakers Prof. Henry Chan and Prof. Hui Chuan Sun as they discuss the use of PIVKA-II and GAAD score as promising…

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APASL 2021 – The First Line Treatment in Unresectable HCC: From Evidence To Practice

Join the webinar to hear speakers Prof. Henry Chan, and Assoc. Prof. Teerha Piratvisuth as they discuss the clinical usefulness of PIVKA-II in HCC surveillance, as…

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Disease Awareness

8 December 2022

My greatest hope | Mr Yan’s liver cancer story

Mr Yan was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 2018. He was a healthy, active person as a competitive skier, and his diagnosis was completely unexpected.…

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8 December 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma – the ‘silent killer’ disease infographic

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is on the rise. CLD can progress to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), a type of liver cancer. What are the risk factors for…

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8 December 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma – the ‘silent killer’ | Part 2

How did Taiwan halve the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a decade? HCC is the primary form of liver cancer, with 72% of cases diagnosed…

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8 December 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma – the ‘silent killer’ | Part 1

Do you know what can cause hepatocellular carcinoma, the primary form of liver cancer? In Asia, contaminated food has historically been linked with the disease and…

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8 December 2022

Liver cancer: the global impact

Hepatocellular carcinoma numbers continue to rise globally, due to major risk factors such as Hepatitis B and C, and fatty liver disease. Hear Liver Patients International’s…

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8 December 2022

Breaking the link between chronic liver disease and liver cancer

Millions of people are living with chronic liver disease. Can the link between chronic liver disease and liver cancer be broken through partnership?

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